Methods for String

.join(); .split(); .partition(); .strip(); .rstrip(); .lstrip(); .upper(); .lower(); .isupper(); .islower(); .isalpha(); .isalnum(); .isdecimal(); .isspace(); .istitle(); .startswith(); .endswith(); .rjust(); .ljust(); .center(); .find(); .count();

.split(): does the opposite - it’s called on a string value and returns a list of strings.

Inputs: a string

Returns: a list

E.g.1

>>> 'My name is Tiger'.split()

['My', 'name', 'is', 'Tiger']

E.g.2

>>> 'MyABC nameABC isABC Tiger'.split('ABC')

['My', ' name', ' is', ' Tiger']

E.g.3

>>> tiger = '''Dear Alice,

How have you been? I am fine.

There is a container in the fridge

that is labeled "Milk Experiment."

Please do not drink it.

Sincerely,

Bob'''

>>> tiger.split('\n')

['Dear Alice,', 'How have you been? I am fine.', 'There is a container in the

fridge', 'that is labeled "Milk Experiment."', '', 'Please do not drink it.',

'Sincerely,', 'Bob']

.partition(): split a string into the text before and after a separator string. This method searches the string it is called on for the separator string it is passed, and returns a tuple of three substrings for the “before,” “separator,” and “after” substrings.

input: string

output: tuple

>>> 'Hello, world!'.partition('w')

('Hello, ', 'w', 'orld!')

>>> 'Hello, world!'.partition('world')

('Hello, ', 'world', '!')

If the separator string you pass to partition() occurs multiple times in the string that partition() calls on, the method splits the string only on the first occurrence:

>>> 'Hello, world!'.partition('o')

('Hell', 'o', ', world!')

If the separator string can’t be found, the first string returned in the tuple will be the entire string, and the other two strings will be empty:

>>> 'Hello, world!'.partition('XYZ')

('Hello, world!', '', '')

You can use the multiple assignment trick to assign the three returned strings to three variables:

>>> before, sep, after = 'Hello, world!'.partition(' ')

>>> before

'Hello,'

>>> after

'world!'

.strip()

input: string

output: string

E.g.1

>>> spam = ' Hello world '

>>> spam.strip()

'Hello world'

E.g.2

>>> spam = 'SpamSpamBaconSpamEggsSpamSpam'

>>> spam.strip('ampS')

'BaconSpamEggs' # same result see below

NOTE:

Passing strip() the argument 'ampS' will tell it to strip occurrences of a, m, p, and capital S from the ends of the string stored in spam. The order of the characters in the string passed to strip() does not matter: strip('ampS') will do the same thing as strip('mapS') or strip('Spam').

>>> spam.strip('Spam')

'BaconSpamEggs' # same result

>>> spam.strip('mSap')

'BaconSpamEggs' # same result

.rstrip()

input: string

output: string

E.g.1

>>> spam = ' Hello world '

>>> spam.rstrip()

' Hello world'

E.g.2

>>> spam = 'SpamSpamBaconSpamEggsSpamSpam'

>>> spam.rstrip('Spam')

'SpamSpamBaconSpamEggs'

.lstrip()

input: string

output: string

E.g.1

>>> spam = ' Hello world '

>>> spam.lstrip()

'Hello world '

E.g.2

>>> spam = 'SpamSpamBaconSpamEggsSpamSpam'

>>> spam.lstrip('mSap')

'BaconSpamEggsSpamSpam'

.upper() - same use for .lower()

input: string

output: string

E.g.1

>>> tiger = 'Hello world!'

>>> tiger.upper()

'HELLO WORLD!'

>>> tiger

'Hello world!'

.isupper() - same use for .islower()

input: string

output: bool

E.g.1.

>>> tiger = 'Hello world!'

>>> tiger.islower()

False

>>> tiger.isupper()

False

>>> 'HELLO'.isupper()

True

.isalpha(): returns True if the string consists only of letters and isn’t blank

input: string

output: bool

E.g.1

>>> 'tiger'.isalpha()

True

>>> 'tiger123'.isalpha()

False

.isalnum(): returns True if the string consists only of letters and numbers and is not blank

input: string

output: bool

E.g.1

>>> 'tiger123'.isalnum()

True

>>> '123'.isalnum()

True

.isdecimal(): returns True if the string consists only of numeric characters and is not blank

input: string

output: bool

E.g.1

>>> '123'.isdecimal()

True

.isspace(): returns True if the string consists only of spaces, tabs, and newlines and is not blank

input: string

output: bool

E.g.1.

>>> ' '.isspace()

True

>>> 'hello '.isspace()

False

.istitle(): returns True if the string consists only of words that begin with an uppercase letter followed by only lowercase letters

input: string

output: bool

E.g.1

>>> 'This Is Title Case'.istitle()

True

>>> 'This Is Title Case 123'.istitle()

True

>>> 'This is Title Case'.istitle()

False

>>> 'This IS Title Case'.istitle()

False

.startswith() - same use for .endswith()

input: string

output: bool

>>> 'Hello, world!'.startswith('Hello')

True

>>> 'Hello, world!'.endswith('world!')

True

>>> 'abc123'.startswith('abcdef')

False

>>> 'abc123'.endswith('12')

False

>>> 'Hello, world!'.startswith('Hello, world!')

True

>>> 'Hello, world!'.endswith('Hello, world!')

True

.rjust()

input: string

output: string

E.g.1

>>> 'Hello'.rjust(10)

' Hello'

E.g.2

>>> 'Hello'.rjust(20, '*')

'***************Hello'

.ljust()

input: string

output: string

E.g.1

>>> 'Hello world'.ljust(20)

'Hello world

E.g.2

>>> 'Hello'.ljust(20, '-')

'Hello---------------'

.center()

input: string

output: string

E.g.1

>>> 'Hello'.center(20)

' Hello

E.g.2

>>> 'Hello'.center(20, '=')

'=======Hello========'

E.g.3

def printPicnic(itemsDict, leftWidth, rightWidth):

print('PICNIC ITEMS'.center(leftWidth + rightWidth, '-'))

for k, v in itemsDict.items():

print(k.ljust(leftWidth, '.') + str(v).rjust(rightWidth, '#'))

picnicItems = {'sandwitches': 4, 'apples': 12, 'cups': 4, 'cookies': 8000}

printPicnic(picnicItems, 12, 5)

printPicnic(picnicItems, 20, 6)

.find()

input: string

output: int

x = 'HEllo My name is John'

x.find("E") # finds the first occurrence's index position

x.find("HEllo")

x.find("My")

6 # My starts at index 6

.count()

input: string

output: int

x = 'hello my name is john'

x.count('m')

3 # m occurs 3 times